John anderson simpson



J/- Simpsonsm fasi M4 l mvwwm JOHN v'Aru'iitesou SIMPSON, or LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND.

Letters Patent No; 78,839; 'dated June 9, 186s.

IMPROVEMENT IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: Be it known that I, JOHN ANDERSON SIMPSON, of Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, l1at-manufacturer,

4have invented a certain-Improvementin the Construction of Umbrellas and Parasols, of which the following is a full and exact description, reference beinghad to the accompanying sheet of drawings, forming part of this specification, and to the'letters and gures thereon; thatvis to say- 'In umbrellas and parasols, as at present constructed,.it has been foiind and is well known that at and notar.

the jcintsiwihich connect.the stretchers to the ribs, the silk or other wOvenfabric covers are rapidly worn into holes, and discolored, first, by the friction and chafing which takes place in' openingrand expanding umbrellas, and indeed in carrying them; and, second,by the rust or oxide which forms at the saidjoints in a short time. v

It has also b'eenfound, and is well known, that the ribs and stretcher-s twist around the stick and amongst each other when closed, and' that theythen'catch On each other or on the silk, and'render it dillicult to expand theV Vumbrella or `parasol at the time .it is required.

New, the objectiefY my invention is to protect -the said joints connecting the stretchei's to the ribs, so that the cover will notlbe damaged, and to 'make it certain that an umbrella, constructed according t-o my invention, can be freely expanded at all times. i

To secure these advantages, I surround the .said joints connecting the stretchers and ribs, or the ribs orstretchers near to the said joints, with protectors Or fenders made of India rubber or other elastic gum, leather, India-rubber cloth, or'other material, of suleieut thickness and closeness that it will not only resist `the friction,

but will also prevent any oxide' formed at the joints from passing through it. The material which I prefer is India rubber aboutone-sixteenth of an inch in thickness.

Ou the `ac :comptnying sheet of illustrative drawings six different modes of carrying my invention into etfect arerepresented in perspective, the fifth being, for some reasons, preferred.

Inall these views the letters a and b denote respectively parts of ribs and strctchers, a being the rib, and ZJ thei'stretcher. These parts are shown made of metal, as my invention is more particularly applicablcfto umbrellas with metal ribs and strctchers. It will be obvious, however, that wherever whalebone or other material is employed in the construction of the said joints of the `ribs and stretchers, my invention is applicable, and of l great utility.

In Figure l the protector -or fender consistsA of a tubularpiece, marked c. The rib passes through a portion thereof, and through an opening in the side, and the stretcher passes through the other portion. Thejoints are completely enclosed. c is preferably-made of India rubber or other elastic gum, and has the ends taperedoff, so that its elasticity will allow it to protect the joints at all times, it closely to the ribs or stretchers without puckering, and be unseen on looking at the outside of the umbrella Or parasol. I

In Figure Z'the tubular piece 01.(als'o made in 4preference of India rubber, or other elastic gum,) is on the.

rib, and the 'stretcher passes'outwards througha slot or openingat o.

-In Figure 3 the ends of e are tubular, and pass over or On the stretcher, whilst the 'flat surface is led around the rib, so that the joint is protected. This arrangement can be effected in leather or India-rubber cloth. I prefer elastic rubber or gum. I

In Figure 4 the rib passes through the flat protector or .fender The joints of the ribs and stretchers are on the inside off. The edges off should be chamfered off. This form can be made of any convenient material.

India-'rubber cloth-would answer.

In Figure 5 a semicircular piece, g, projects inwards at its-sides beyond the rib, and in Figure 6 two pieces,

?. L, are connected to the sides of the rib itself. j The modifications shown by these two figures are such that the said protectors or fenders can best be applied in the plastic or adhesive sta-te. India rubber or other gum can be attached, and afterwards baked in the ordinary manner.

As a new article of manufacture, an umbrella, constructed ashcrein described, the joints or junction ofthe ribs aud stretchers being covered, and protected from injuring the covering by rubber shields, as and for the purposes herein set forth. I Y

Intestimony whereof, I'have hereunto set my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' JOI-IN ANDERSON SIMPSON.

Witnesses:

JOHN KING, i y

WM. H. HAR-var.- 4 

